![]() The feudal system was based on a kind of protection system (or even protection racket). Their political history is one long rebuke to the dominant ideology of Europe: that of the nation-state that subsumes and represses cultural differences within it. Historians refer to that social and political system as 'feudalism' or 'the feudal system,' a hierarchical, class-based structure in which kings, lords, and priests ruled over the vast majority of the population: peasants. ![]() Catalans have always waxed lyrical over their medieval defiance of kingship and railed against 'centralism' rule by Madrid. The Catalans' sense of otherness the separation, cultural and institutional, from the rest of Spain comes through loud and clear in the oath of allegiance their leaders swore to the Aragonese kings in the 15th century. ![]() Jim Bennett (author of The Anglosphere Challenge) found this in Barcelona, by Robert Hughes, who wrote: A commendation ceremony ( commendatio) is a formal ceremony that evolved during the Early Medieval period to create a bond between a lord and his fighting man, called his vassal. The oath taken by the present sovereign omitted the. Taking the authorised form of the oath is a condition on which the crown is held by any individual. Any oath taken other than in accordance with the correct statutory form is contrary to law. Provided you observe all our liberties and laws, The oath taken by British sovereigns at their coronations is laid down by a statute dating from 1688. Oath of Fealty of the Aragonese Lords to their Monarch an illustration of medieval constitutionalism ![]() Catalan sense of otherness, of separation. Barcelona's charter of citizens' rights - precedes Magna Carta. limits, limitation, of power, limited government. Oath of Fealty of the Aragonese Lords to their Monarch ![]()
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